Month: April 2025

September 2021 New York Times article, When Chance Encounters at the Water Cooler Are Most Useful, documents the myth of the water cooler conversation as a driver of innovation. What is true about water cooler conversations is that they help establish new relationships or reinforce existing ones. These relationships may, as the article describes, lead to breakthroughs like the 1997 photocopier encounter between Professor Katalin Kariko plus Dr. Drew Weissman, whose work led to the Pfizer plus Moderna vaccines.

The innovation plus the hard work of getting to those vaccines included many other people plus were years in realization. But that is the kind of work traditional collaboration handles—sharing files, holding meetings, keeping track of tasks, presenting findings, plus myriad other small things that require coordination plus collaboration.

Most collaboration technology, even the seeming looseness of Slack, betrays the unstructured wandering that people experience in buildings. But even that wandering requires chance. I conducted a study during my time at Hughes Aircraft, plus we found that people rarely wandered from their floor, let alone their building—a meaningful if less scientific finding than Thomas Allen’s finding in his 1977 book Managing the Flow of Technology. A 2017 MIT campus study follows up on Allen’s book (see Proximity boosts collaboration on MIT campus)

The wandering people did nurture deeper relationships among those on the floor, but they didn’t extend past that, save for those who worked on larger projects that took them off the floor plus thrust them into other buildings.

Kariko plus Weissman chanced upon one another because they worked in the same general area. Had they worked in different facilities, they may not have found themselves at the same photocopier for that particular encounter.

The anecdotes plus the studies suggest the need to engineer proximity, as they did with the design of MIT campuses—what the design bias can’t capture are the near or keseluruhan misses from people not in the right place at the right time. As I suggest in The Serendipity Economy, using technology plus space will create more encounters, but it will not create all possible encounters.

Not all donuts are bad for you. One in particular claims to be good for communication within organisations. An app that plugs into the collaboration platform Slack, Donut creates random virtual meetings between colleagues to foster connection plus community. Other apps such as Watercooler offer similar features plus in my own university we have a kelompok on Microsoft Teams called “Virtual Canteen”, nostalgically referring to the real canteen we can’t santai since Covid-19 closed it.

For as long as there has been remote working, companies have sought ways to replicate the serendipitous conversations we have in a physical workspace. But turning to algorithms to achieve this may not have the desired effect.

Lots of research documents the importance of the informal conversations that take place around the office photocopier, coffee machine or water cooler. These in-between spaces that can result in awkward conversation with someone you don’t know very well play an important role in building community between colleagues, which fosters commitment to a company.

These spaces also play an important role in the sharing of work-related knowledge – sometimes referred to as “water-cooler learning”. Spaces like the coffee area are knowingly created by companies, because people sharing knowledge, stories of their experiences plus talk about the problems they are facing in these spaces.

In the health sector, researchers have identified how corridor conversations are an important way to deal with crises plus complexity. These impromptu encounters can often result in colleagues (often unknowingly) working out how to fix problems, deal with crises, de-stress, plus avoid reinventing the wheel.

These are “liminal spaces” that are beyond formal definition. As soon as we try to design them too tightly, they tend to flee elsewhere – the stairwell, the bus stop, the dead space at the back of the building. We like them because nomer one is in particular control of what goes on there or what we say to each other. They are thresholds, places of transition. And because we are passing through, there’s a potential spontaneity in what we may think, say plus even do.

Chatting around the water cooler may yield more than office gossip; it may help scientists produce better research, according to Harvard Medical School (HMS) investigators.

The benefits of collaboration are well accepted in the scientific world, but researchers with the HMS Center for Biomedical Informatics wondered whether physical proximity affects the quality of those collaborations: Do scientists who have more “face time” with colleagues produce higher-impact results? To test the hypothesis, they examined data from 35,000 biomedical science papers published between 1999 plus 2003, each with at least one Harvard author. The articles appeared in 2,000 journals plus involved 200,000 authors.

After analyzing the number of citations each paper generated (a standard way to gauge article quality) plus the distances between coauthors, they concluded that personal contact, especially between an article’s first plus last authors, still matters—even in an age of e-mail, social networking, plus video conferencing. (Their analysis, “Does Collocation Inform the Impact of Collaboration?” appeared in the online journal PLoS ONE in December.)

“Our data show that if the first plus last authors are physically close, they get cited more, on average,” says research assistant Kyungjoon Lee. As that distance grew, citations generally declined. (Typically, the first author is a graduate student or postdoctoral fellow plus the last is a more senior faculty member; they are often affiliated with the same lab, but do not necessarily work closely together.) The effect didn’t hold true for other author combinations, such as first plus third; in fact, the middle authors normally don’t interact much on a project, Lee notes. The team also found that, on average, a paper with four or fewer authors based in the same building was cited 45 percent more than one with authors in different buildings—“So if you put people who have the potential to collaborate close together,” he says, “it might lead to better results.”

A water cooler is a familiar sight for many people in homes, schools, plus offices all over London plus the southeast. Giving everyone cool, crisp, plus filtered water at the push of a button or pull of the tap, it’s often the drinking water of choice, coming up trumps for purity plus great taste in these notoriously hard water areas. Daily water cooler users know how good they are, but how does a water cooler work?

Mains-fed or bottled water coolers
Two types of water cooler are commonly seen in schools, hospitals, offices, plus public buildings all over London – bottled water coolers plus mains-fed water coolers. While both Thirsty Work models deliver the purest chilled or ambient water on demand, there are a few differences between them plus how they work.

Bottled water coolers
Our bottled water coolers use an 18.9 or 13-litre bottle of pure, naturally filtered water, which is placed onto a special spiked connector on top of the cooler itself. When the bottle is in position, its safety seal is pierced, allowing the water to flow into the cooler’s internal reservoir, featuring a valve that prevents it from overfilling plus flooding.

Once the reservoir is full, the water can be drawn directly from the cooler using the tap for ambient temperature water. If chilled water is required, the water is rapidly cooled using a hydrocarbon refrigerant gas. This clean plus green gas has zero ozone depletion potential plus is a much more eco-friendly way to deliver ice-cold water directly from the second tap.

As the water in the reservoir is dispensed, the internal valve detects when the water dips below a certain level plus automatically refills from the bottle. When both the water bottle plus reservoir are drained, the bottle is replaced, plus the whole process starts again.

Mains-fed water coolers
A mains-fed tipe works differently from the bottled model, but only slightly. Rather than using a replaceable water bottle, a mains-fed cooler is connected directly to your mains water supply – hence its name. The key is using an advanced water filtration system that cleanses plus purifies the mains water to a far higher standard than if it comes directly from your tap.

Background
Drinking water quality can be deteriorated by microbial and toxic chemicals during transport, storage and handling before using by the consumer. This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial and physicochemical quality of drinking water from bottled water coolers.

Methods
A total of 64 water samples, over a 5-month period in 2012-2013, were collected from free status bottled water coolers and water taps in Isfahan. Water samples were analyzed for heterotrophic plate count (HPC), temperature, pH, residual chlorine, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and total organic carbon (TOC). Identification of predominant bacteria was also performed by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA.

Results
The mean HPC of water coolers was determined at 38864 CFU/ml which exceeded the acceptable level for drinking water in 62% of analyzed samples. The HPC from the water coolers was also found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the tap waters. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the values of pH, EC, turbidity and TOC in water coolers and tap waters. According to sequence analysis eleven species of bacteria were identified.

Conclusion
A high HPC is indicative of microbial water quality deterioration in water coolers. The presence of some opportunistic pathogens in water coolers, furthermore, is a concern from a public health point of view. The results highlight the importance of a periodic disinfection procedure and monitoring system for water coolers in order to keep the level of microbial contamination under control.

Introduction
Drinking water quality is a worldwide concern and has the greatest impact on human health. Consumption of contaminated drinking water was associated with 80 percent of disease and one third of death in developing countries . Therefore, an essential dasar requirement for health protection is to provide the public with adequate supply of drinking water that is safe.

Advances in water treatment have significantly increased the quality and specially the safety of water. However, drinking water quality can deteriorate by microbial and toxic chemicals during transport, storage and handling before reaching the consumer. Distribution systems, service lines and home devices could influence the quality of drinking water. Water quality in home devices is highly affected by biofilm formation. Prevailing conditions in the devices that influence bacterial proliferation include high surface to volume ratio, absence or very low of chlorine residual and relative long stagnation period.

Abstract
The aim of this work is to prevent the public drinking from water coolers, by using an auto-detection process, if the quality of water is low. Therefore, the proposed water treatment management system for allows the activation of dispensers to provide the best-quality water coolers. The objective is to investigate the quality of the drinking water from coolers in public places in Madinah and to provide clean, safe, and healthy drinking water for the general public. The methodology consisted of performing different analyses, tests, and water treatments, such as physicochemical analyses of the water samples, measurements of the different concentrations of anions, measurements of the concentrations of heavy metals, and bacteriological tests of the water samples. Therefore, 66 water samples were tested, and the experimental values were compared with the reference values given by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Saudi Standards, Metrology, and Quality Organization (SASO) for drinking water. The tests revealed that the physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, and TH) of different water sources (95.5%) were in accordance with the SASO and WHO values. In addition, all the analyzed water samples (100%) contained permissible levels of nitrates, sulfates, nitrites, and free residual chlorine, as indicated by the results. However, 68.2% of the samples studied had fluoride concentrations below the standard limits. Furthermore, heavy metals such as lead, iron, and others were tested for all water coolers. The measured findings indicated that just one cooler exceeded the permissible limit of 0.3 mg/L for Fe, and the biological contamination testing revealed that 4.5% of the coolers were infected with coliforms. Finally, this research suggests that water coolers should be regularly maintained. Additionally, using the best design for the water desalination process is very important to give the best drinking water quality.

1. Introduction
   Water is one of the most essential needs for life. As the international population increases, the need for water will also increase. However, because of different effects and especially human activities, water resources are decreasing, becoming polluted, and still being used unconsciously. Three-quarters of our planet is covered with water, and the human body is mostly made up of water. Water is of vital importance for all living things and plays a key role in many of our bodies’ functions. In fact, our body uses water in all its cells, organs, and tissues to help regulate its temperature and maintain other bodily functions. Because our bodies lose water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it is important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water. Clean water is very important for everyone worldwide. There are many waterborne illnesses that are detrimental and can cause epidemics in societies around the world.

ABSTRACT:
Temperature control always plays an important role in industrial processes. Many processes are
dependent on the accurate temperature range if that temperature is not maintained then the total process is
affected. This finally results in poor quality of final product. Some machines produces huge hit and hence it
is necessary to reduce their temperature with some external arrangement as continuous heating may results
in failure or breakdown of the machine. The air conditioning in the houses is another application of the airconditioning which is very disukai banyak orang now days. The normal temperature range is increasing day by day with
lots of pollution created through different sources. Need of cool air and cold water is always there in
households and many functions. Present system has two sources for these applications while we have
developed as design to fulfill these needs with single machine. This machine will reduce the requirement of
space and electricity consumption. The CAD design of cooling and refrigeration system is presented and
discussed in cermat in this paper.

INTRODUCTION:
The temperature is increasing in summer every year. In India many areas are making records of high
temperature in summer year by year. In India, during summer season, the average temperature is around
45°C. To maintain comfortable conditions in summer season various appliances like air conditioners,
coolers and pengagum are used. The ongkos of such appliances is sort of high which is beyond reach of consumer.
These appliances also consume heavy electricity which results in the high electricity bills.
Also, during summer season everyone needs cool air and cold water for drinking purpose. So, to be
comfortable during this season we’d like cold water and funky air. To fulfill these requirements, we’d like to
get two different appliances one for cooling air and other appliance for cooling water. Also, space required
for installation of these appliances is more. Innovation and modification are the nature of engineering.
Hence, we’ve introduced “Designing and Developing Combined device for air and water cooling. Main
purpose of our project is to supply both of those facilities that’s cool air and cold water in single unit and to
supply this unit at affordable ongkos for common man. This unit is found suitable for the household and other
commercial places such as halls, corporate offices and industries etc.

Are you looking for a way simpel plus practical to stay hydrated at home? Why not opt for a water cooler for private use ? Not only does it make it easier to access water, it also has many benefits for your health plus lifestyle. In this article, we’ll explore 7 good reasons to use a water cooler at home.

1. A water cooler encourages good hydration
   Many people tend not to drink enough waterThis is either because they don’t have access to a convenient water source, or because they simply forget to drink enough water throughout the day.

That’s where home water coolers can be very useful. First of all, they allow you to have easy access to fresh water plus pure at all times. In addition, plus more importantly, but generally speaking, water coolers that use a filtration system tend to improve the taste of water by eliminating impurities plus reducing the presence of chlorine. Better quality water will obviously be a pleasure to drink!

2. It’s economical
   Using a fountain at home can be long-term economic. Rather than buying expensive bottles of water potentially contaminated with micro-plasticsYou can fill your glasses plus bottles with fresh, healthy water from the fountain. This can save you money in the long run, while also reducing your energy consumption. environmental impact.
3. It’s hygienic!
   Home water coolers are often equipped with filters that eliminate impurities plus contaminants of water, ensuring that the water you drink is healthy. It can also help to reduce the risk of water-borne diseasesThis is particularly important for people with weakened immune systems.
4. Practicality of the water dispenser for private use
   Having a home water cooler at home is extremely practical, as it gives you easy access to purified water without you having to go out to buy bottled water !

It can also be very easy to maintain. We say ‘may’ because it depends on the model of fountain you choose.

For example, a water cooler requires a regular replacement of the cylinder of water, while a network fountain requires pipes plus fittings to be cleaned regularly to prevent mineral build-up. A UV-A fountain will be easier to maintain!

Abstract
Adding air coolers to cooling water system is an effective way to reduce heat load and the biaya of cooling water system. It is also an effective method to prevent fouling and save water in the region where water is scarce. There is a trade-off between air cooler system and cooling water system. When heat load of air cooler is high, cooling tower consumes less segar water, but the biaya of air cooler can be high. Conventionally, the two systems are optimized separately. This paper presents an optimization model for synthesizing cooling water system with air coolers. The water coolers, air coolers, pumping scheme and cooling tower are simultaneously optimized. Each hot stream can be cooled down by air cooler to certain degree and then cooled down by water cooler to obyek temperature. Or it can be cooled down by the air cooler or water cooler exclusively. The model is formulated as mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The objective is to formulate the cooling water system with the minimizing total annual cost. The case is optimized under two cities with different prices of water and electricity. Results show that optimization model yields 29.4% and 13.1% TAC reduction. Results also indicate that it is particularly necessary to add air coolers to cooling water system in region where water is scarce and electricity price is low.

Introduction
Water cooling and air cooling are among the two most common methods that are employed to reject industrial waste heat to environment. Because water has suitable thermal properties and non-harmful chemical composition, cooling water system by far, has been widely used and thoroughly studied. The pioneer work conducted by Kim and Smith (2001) introduced mathematic model that emphasizes interaction between cooling tower and cooler network. Cooling water is reused in mixed parallel/series cooler arrangement, and cooling tower has better performance owning to low cooling water flow rate and high water return temperature. To reduce complexity and improve flexibility of cooler network, Feng et al. (2005) proposed a cooling water network with an intermediate main that is easy to control and operate. Introducing intermediate mains allows water to be reused which in turn leads to increase of tower efficiency. Research conducted by Castro et al. (2000) also focuses on reducing the operational biaya of cooling water system by minimizing water flowrate. Because water cooling consumes segar water and produces waste water, the system has certain impact on local environment. Panjeshahi et al. (2009) optimized cooling water system that involved environmental considerations as well as energy conservation. However, all the models previously mentioned mainly focus on minimizing water flowrate. In order to achieve the heat exchanging service, more contact areas are required. Later, Ponce-Ortega et al. (2007) proposed an MINLP model that considered the capital biaya of coolers and cooling water biaya simultaneously. In their work, stage-wise cooler network was proposed. The objective was minimizing the total biaya and this model was more economical than other model previously mentioned. Few years later, they studied the detailed design of cooling tower, the optimization of cooling tower was based on MINLP model (Serna-González et al., 2010) and rigorous poppe model (Rubio-Castro et al., 2011). For optimizing cooling tower, Singh and Das (2017) optimized performance parameters and energy consumption of cooling tower simultaneously.

When drinking-water is bottled it meets strict safety standards. However, incorrect use plus sanitisation of bottle-fed water coolers can result in contaminated water plus a potentially serious health threat. In this post, Microbiologist Dan Stafford reveals the science behind bottle-fed water cooler safety plus the importance of sanitisation.

How aman is your water cooler?
Bottle-fed water coolers use what is called reservoir technology. This is where water is stored inside a bottle rather than fed directly from the mains water supply to the dispensing tap. As water is dispensed it is displaced by air from the room.

Over time, the volume of potentially contaminated air increases. By the time a bottle is ready to be changed, there could be up to 19 litres of air. When a water cooler hasn’t been correctly maintained it’s not uncommon to see visible bacteria inside the bottle in the form of algae.

“This is the big disadvantage of bottle-fed water coolers,” explains Dan. “Ambient bodies of status water within an appliance provide the ideal conditions for bacteria to grow. This is the problem. You have a dead daerah of water where bacteria can attach themselves to the inside of the bottle plus propagate.”

While water itself isn’t a food source, Dan says bacteria are “incredibly resourceful” in their ability to use materials as food. “Once inside a water cooler, certain types of bacteria such as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa can feed on components found in rubbers plus seals present within a dispenser.”

Contaminants can also enter the system via the bottle feed when a bottle is changed, adds Dan. “Every time a bottle is changed you expose the surface to the air, which is laden with bacteria. Contaminants can also enter the system when someone touches the internal components. This opens the internal workings up to all kinds of potential contaminants. This is why stored water systems must be regularly sanitised with strong chemicals that kill the bacteria.”

Touchless Technology for Your Water Cooler plus More
Do you remember when you had to turn knobs plus handles to turn on faucets, open doors plus flush toilets at work? Touchless sensors replace one’s need to interact directly with knobs, spigots plus handles, in an effort to combat sickness plus improve performance. Though we may take for granted all of the touchless technology around us, plus the many uses they serve, studies have shown that reducing one’s exposure to germs plus viruses help to keep sick days to a minimum. That is just one of the ways in which your shared water cooler may be considered “cool.” Below are four related innovations that may help us to better understand what makes your water cooler “cool.”

Your Water Cooler Post-Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical importance of hand washing in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Yet, as the immediate threat of the pandemic wanes, maintaining rigorous hygiene practices remains crucial, particularly in the workplace. Even so, a study conducted by the American Society for Microbiology found that only 67% of Americans wash their hands after using the restroom, plus an even smaller percentage, about 50%, do so correctly. Enter the need for touchless water coolers!

In the workplace, where employees frequently interact with shared appliances such as water coolers, door handles, plus keyboards, inadequate hand washing can lead to a buildup of dirt plus germs. These high-touch surfaces become hotspots for cross-contamination, spreading bacteria plus viruses among colleagues. Research by the University of Arizona discovered that an average office desk harbors 400 times more bacteria than a toilet seat. Moreover, office water coolers, often a communal hub, are particularly susceptible to contamination if users neglect hand hygiene.

Poor hand washing habits can contribute to the spread of illnesses, resulting in increased absenteeism plus decreased productivity. A survey by the University of Michigan found that hand hygiene interventions in workplaces could reduce the incidence of respiratory illnesses by 21% plus gastrointestinal illnesses by 31%. These statistics underscore the need for consistent hand washing to maintain a healthy plus productive work environment, as well as the n

Abstrak–Energiterbarukan merupakan energi yang prosesnya berkesinambungan jika dikelola bersama dengan baik. Salah satu energi maksimal waktu suhu pada permukaan sel surya 25°C. Oleh gara-gara itu dikerjakan penelitian untuk mengoptimalkan atau tingkatkan tegangan dan arus yangdihasilkan oleh sel surya bersama dengan langkah menganalisissimulasi water cooler pada sel surya untuk menjaga suhu pada permukaan sel surya sebesar 31°C. Penelitian ini dikerjakan bersama dengan pengukuran suhu, tegangan dan arus sebelum akan mengfungsikan simulasi water cooler dan setelah mengfungsikan simulasi water cooler. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan setelah mengfungsikan simulasi water cooler terdapat peningkatan tegangan sebesar 1,02 V pada cuaca cerah dan 0,92 V waktu cuaca berawan, peningkatan arus sebesar 0,72 A waktu cuaca cerah dan 0,70 A waktu cuaca berawan, peningkatan energi sebesar 18,37 W waktu cuaca cerah dan 16,26 W waktu cuaca berawan

Abstract–Renewable energy is energy whose process is sustainable if managed properly. One of the uses of renewable energy is Solar Power Generation(PLTS). However, the temperature rise in the solar module is very influential on the voltage and electric current generated, because the solar cell will get maximum power when the temperature on the surface of the solar cell is 25 ° C. Therefore, research is carried out to optimize or increase the voltage and current generated by solar cells by analysis a water cooler simulation to solar cells to maintain the temperature on the surface of solar cells by 31 ° C. This research was carried out by measurements of temperature, voltage and current before using a water cooler simulation and after using a water cooler simulation. The results showed after using a water cooler simulation there was an increase in voltage of 1.02 V in sunny weather and 0.92 V in cloudy weather, an increase in current of 0.72 A during sunny weather and 0.70 A in cloudy weather, an increase in power of 18.37 W when the weather is sunny and 16.26 W when the weather is cloudy.

Water coolers are a common sight in many workplaces, schools, plus homes these days – especially in Australia, where the weather is hot plus hydration is key. Water coolers provide a convenient way to dispense clean plus refreshing drinking water. But have you ever wondered how these devices actually work? In this blog, we’ll take a deep dive into the inner workings of water coolers plus explore the science behind them.

First, let’s talk about the different types of water coolers
There are two main types: bottled water coolers plus bottle-less water coolers. Bottled water coolers, as the name suggests, use bottles of water that are placed on top of the cooler. Bottle-less water coolers, on the other hand, are directly connected to a water source plus do not require any bottles.

How do bottled water coolers work?
Bottled water coolers work by using a process called thermoelectric cooling. Inside the cooler, there is a cooling chamber that contains a heat sink plus a fan – the heat sink is made of a material that is a good conductor of heat, such as aluminium or copper. The fan blows air over the heat sink, which causes the heat to dissipate into the air.

The water bottle sits on top of the cooling chamber, plus a probe is inserted into the bottle to draw water up through the cooler. As the water passes through the probe, it is cooled by the cold plate, which is located inside the cooling chamber. The cold plate is a flat metal surface that is in direct contact with the water – it cools the water by absorbing heat from it plus transferring it to the heat sink.

How do bottle-less water coolers work?
Bottle-less water coolers work a little differently. They use a process called compression cooling, which is the same process used in refrigerators plus air conditioners. The water is drawn from a water source, such as a tap or a water line, plus passes through a filtration system to remove any impurities.

Once the water has been filtered, it enters the cooling chamber, which contains a compressor, a condenser, plus an evaporator. The compressor compresses a refrigerant gas, which causes it to become very hot. The hot gas then passes through the condenser, which is a series of coils that dissipate the heat into the surrounding air.

After the heat has been removed, the refrigerant gas enters the evaporator, which is a series of coils that are in contact with the water. As the refrigerant gas expands, it cools down plus absorbs heat from the water, which causes the water to become cold – the cold water is then dispensed through a spigot, plus the process starts over again.

New economics research reveals importance of workplace chatter
Workers idly share gossip around the watercooler might seem like the bane of an employer’s existence, but these informal interactions could enhance a firm’s productivity, economists claim in a new research paper.
In a paper recently published in the journal Games and Economic Behaviour, economists from the University of Sydney, Kyoto University and Monash University explain how managers can tinker with their organisation’s structure and physical work environment to harness workers’ informal interactions for the firm’s advantage.

“Our model is based on the already well-documented fact that humans are particularly good at mutually beneficial collaboration,” said Associate Professor of Economics Andrew Wait, from the University of Sydney’s School of Economics.

“Social interactions between workers characterise the way things get done in an organisation. Employees are more likely to display innovative and speculative behaviour at work when enough of their colleagues do likewise.”

Associate Professor Wait said that if there are no ‘watercoolers’ – anywhere small groups of employees can chat and collaborate away from their resmi working space – employees are much less likely to share their ‘risky’ ideas and intentions.

“These ideas are precisely those needed to fuel innovation and productivity and improve culture in the workplace,” he said.

So, what can employers do to encourage more watercooler talk? In the paper, the economists outline several organisational design mechanisms firms can use to encourage greater communication among employees. These include job rotation programs, which see workers rotate through tasks or roles at the same firm. Communication and collaboration can also be encouraged by the structure of the workplace and through informal social events.

The paper highlights caveats for employers to be wary of – namely that the larger a team, the less likely members are to engage in watercooler discussion which impacts on the firm. They also argue innovative research divisions often need to be kept separate from the rest of the business, to foster collaborative idea share – an essential element of innovation.

A brief history of the water cooler, It’s 1906. White-collar workers are comparing fashionable canes, the Model K is the hot new car, and somewhere in California, inventor Luther Haws is busy fiddling with an invention that will change the workplace—and gossip—forever.

History lesson. Haws invented the first drinking fountain in 1906 after learning that the communal tin cups shared by school children were a breeding ground for germs. In 1938, he released an upgrade—a self-contained electric water cooler—just in time for the first open-office space to be unveiled in 1939.

The water cooler (or bubbler, for the Bostonians among us) provided workers a place to congregate, regardless of their position at a company. By the 1960s, most offices had water coolers, tucked away from view of visiting clients and customers in a breakroom, according to Inverse.

“The beauty of the water cooler is that it brings together people who otherwise wouldn’t have a reason to talk,” said Bradley Brummel, professor of psychology at the University of Tulsa, in a Korn Ferry blog post.

Virtual water coolers. Decades of research have shown the positive effects of water cooler talk, so it’s nomor surprise that HR and workplace culture leaders have tried to digitize the experience for the current age of remote work. But it’s not a new concept—the BBC explored how company intranets impeded the spontaneous nature of the water cooler experience more than a decade ago.

While intranets, including social channels and chat rooms, have changed a lot since 2012, people leaders are still refining the virtual water cooler blueprint. Prithwiraj Choudhury, associate professor at Harvard Business School, told the New York Times that remote work has the opportunity to connect employees in different departments with more intentionality. For example, he recommended pairing junior employees with more senior leadership for virtual mentoring.

Abstract: a solar water cooler that uses solar energy directly or indirectly to cool the water
consists of a cool water storage tank, a condensing wall, an auxiliary refrigeration device, with
an insulating board dividing the cool water storage tank into an upper water-cooling tank plus a
lower water freezing tank. The system provides a solar water cooler with a dual-temperature
cool water tank that reduces the water temperature to the minimum temperature of the day via
heat dissipation, plus the obtained minimum-temperature water is delivered directly for cooling
purposes or delivered onto the condensing device as cooling water to improve the cooling
efficiency. The auxiliary refrigeration device helps reduce the water temperature when the
cooling water does not reach the required temperature for the air conditioner for refrigeration
purposes. The major tasks of this study are to reduce the temperature of the cooling water to
lower than the minimum temperature of the day plus increase the required temperature of the
air conditioner for refrigeration to save energy. With these two challenges solved, most areas in
the global can use air conditioners with solar water coolers for cooling purposes, thus
alleviating global warming plus benefiting the whole global population.

1. Introduction
   In recent years, with fast economic growth, urban power demand surges, plus the power consumption
   by air-conditioning systems in urban buildings take a large proportion – higher than 50% of the total
   power consumption of buildings. In the peak season in summer, the power consumption of air
   conditioning systems in northern China takes up 16% ~ 18% of total power consumption in cities, and
   that in developed cities in southern China (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, etc.) takes up a proportion of over
   30%. Air conditioners consumes large amounts of power, plus peak hours of cooling load coincide
   with the peak hours of urban power consumption, which exacerbates the supply-demand imbalance of
   power plus aggravates the power shortage in peak hours. To relieve this grave situation, the Chinese
   government has taken a series of measures: in 1994, the State Development Planning Commission and
   the Ministry of Electric Power decided to differentiate the price of electric power in peak plus valley
   seasons to “balance the peak plus valley”. The Northern China Electric Power Group first stipulated
   that ratio of the power price in the peak season to that in the valley season is 4.5:1; after that, many
   electric power departments followed suit plus released some preferential policies. Driven by these
   initiatives, the cool storage air-conditioning technology gained rapid progress [2].
   Since the 1980s, cool storage air-conditioning technology has developed rapidly plus improved in
   developed countries around the world. Given the experience of the US, Japan plus Taiwan, one
   important solution to solve the power demand-supply imbalance is to develop cool storage air
   conditioners. Take Japan as an example: in this decade, Japan has built or renovated over 3000 cool
   storage systems, increasing the power utilization rate in valley seasons to 45%; South Korea issued
   laws that public buildings covering an daerah of over 3000 m2 must use cool storage air-conditioning systems. In 1990s, cool storage air-conditioning technology began to gain momentum in China; large
   provinces plus cities including Shenzhen, Beijing, Guangzhou, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Tianjin, Wuhan
   and Fujian initiated several large- or medium-scale cool storage central air-conditioning programs
   which achieved good economic efficiency plus were promoted in more than 20 provinces across China.
   The current situation shows that the users plus the electric power departments have provided positive
   feedback for these programs.

We see water coolers now as part of any office staple. They provide us all with refreshing water throughout the day plus make sure we are all hydrated while we work. So where did the water cooler begin? Read on below to take a wander through 3000 years of history plus discover how the water cooler began.

2000BC – The Beginning: Sanskrit Writings
The pursuit of clean drinking water is something that has driven mankind since we stumbled out of our caves with burning sticks in our hands. The first written record of a water purification system is in the Sanskrit medical writings known as the Sus’ruta Samhita which includes such methods as boiling water over a fire, leaving it out in the sun, plus filtering it through layers of gravel plus sand. A process still used today!

1500BC – The Egyptian Filtration Machine
On the walls of the tomb of Egyptian ruler Amenophis II are the first pictures of a water filtration system in use. Again, using sand to filter the water, you can almost imagine these two Egyptians gathered round their ‘water cooler’ like we do today!

900BC – What did the Romans ever do for us?
This next example is the first implementation of a city-wide clean water system. The Romans built giant aqueducts, lined with marble or copper, to transport water many miles from clean sources such as mountain springs plus into their cities. The ancient Greeks also employed a filtration system of gravel plus sand, building an infrastructure that supplied great areas with clean water.

500 to 1500 – The Very Dirty Dark Ages
After the collapse of the Roman Empire water systems took a rapid tahap backwards plus then took a long time to recover. In the middle ages most water came from rivers plus lakes, which is also where most of the human waste was deposited. This led to constant outbreaks of Typhoid plus Cholera, causing uncountable deaths.

1671 – Sand Filtration Returns!
A shining light after so many years came from an Italian physician called Lucas Antonius Portius, who employed a system of three pairs of sand filters with an upward plus downward flow filtration system to make water safe again.

1804 – Paisley Goes Clean
Led by Scottish pebisnis John Gibb, in order to supply his bleachery with clean water, he then expanded the project to supply the whole town with a clean water supply using the good old-fashioned sand plus gravel filtration system, making this small town in Scotland the first in the international to supply an entire populace with filtered water.

1840’s – The Idea of Chilled Water Catches on
Despite the fact that much of the UK was still without clean water, rich Victorians started the idea of drinking chilled water as a beverage plus came up with the first water cooler in its most basic form. Using ice houses that stored ice plus snow from the winter into the summer months, huge blocks of ice where used to chill the contents of the water cooler, although the units where large, expensive plus extremely heavy.

1852 – Clean Water for all
Shocked by high death rates from cholera in London, parliament decided on the Metropolitan Water Act, the first of its kind – a directive to make sure the entire populace was supplied with clean drinking water.

1906 to 1938 – Enter Inventor Luther Haws
The water cooler as we know it was conceived by American inventor Luther Haws. Haws was a sanitary inspector for the city of Berkeley, plus when he saw schoolchildren drinking from a shared tin cup in 1905 decided to create a water faucet that could filter the water plus make it clean enough to drink. In 1906 he invented the first water drinking fountain, then went on to patent the first sanitary water faucet in 1911. In 1938 he introduced the first electrical self-contained water cooler – the kind very similar to what we use today – although these original water coolers also used heavy glass bottles, making them difficult to move plus transport.

Mesin diesel adalah keliru satu mesin pembakaran didalam yang menghasilkan energi panas dan energi gerak. Panas berlebihan terhadap mesin menyebabkan kerusakan. Untuk menghindar panas yang berlebihan terhadap mesin diesel maka diperlukan pendinginan, komponen yang bertugas sebagai pendingin adalah fresh water cooler. kondisi temperatur normal fresh water cooler adalah 65ᵒC. Adapun target penelitian ini adalah untuk tahu bagaimana tindakan perawatan yang dilaksanakan terhadap fresh water cooler proses pendinginan mesin diesel penggerak utama jika berlangsung over heat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini adalah type penelitian deskriptif, yakni penelitian yang memiliki tujuan untuk menggambarkan dan menguraikanobjek yang diteliti. Pengamatan temperatur terhadap pemeriksaan panel mesin induk berasal dari pengamatan pemeriksaan temperatur berlangsung peningkatan suhu sebesar 85ᵒC dan alarm berbunyi sehingga dilaksanakan pemeriksaan dan perbaikan terhadap fresh water cooler. Hal ini diduga disebabkan oleh ada kotoran-kotoran dan korosi yang terkandung terhadap lubang pendingin. Dan terhadap pas itu, tekanan pompa sirkulasi tekanan air laut (sea water cooling pump) mengalami penurunan berasal dari 3,0 kg/cm2 menjadi 2,0 kg/cm2. Hasil penelitian di peroleh terjadinya sumbatan terhadap bagian saringan air laut sehingga perlu di membersihkan dan di cek sehingga perihal tidak berlangsung lagi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini perawatan fresh water cooler terhadap kapal telah berlangsung dengan baik, dilaksanakan sesuai instruksi kerja petunjuk mesin, sesuai jadwal, Hasil perawatan didapat temperatur mesin lagi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.

The diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that produces heat energy and motion energy. Overheating the engine can cause damage. To prevent excessive heat in a diesel engine, cooling is needed, the component that acts as a coolant is a fresh water cooler. normal temperature condition of fresh water cooler is 65ᵒC. The purpose of this study was to find out how maintenance actions are carried out on the fresh water cooler of the main driving diesel engine cooling system if overheating occurs. The research method used in this research is descriptive research, namely research that aims to describe and describe the obyek under study. Observation of temperature on the control panel of the main engine from the observation of temperature control there was an increase in temperature of 85ᵒC and an alarm sounded so that a fresh water cooler was checked and repaired. This is thought to be caused by the presence of dirt and corrosion in the cooling holes. And at that time, the pressure of the sea water cooling pump decreased from 3.0 kg/cm2 to 2.0 kg/cm2. The research results obtained a blockage inthe sea water filter section so it needs to be cleaned and checked so that the incident does not happen again. The conclusion of this research is that the fresh water cooler maintenance on the ship has been going well, carried out according to the machineinstructions work instructions, according to schedule. The results of the maintenance are that the engine temperature returns as expected.

Designing management practices to better onboard organizational newcomers working remotely is a key
priority for firms. We report results from a randomized field experiment conducted at a large international firm that
estimates the performance effects of different types of virtual interactions for remote summer interns.
Findings indicate that virtual water coolers—or videoconference sessions for small groups of interns plus a
senior manager—may yield higher performance plus career outcomes when they facilitate a demographic
match between interns plus senior managers or occur at regular intervals during the internship. No other
virtual interactions, including an asynchronous Q&A discussion forum, an intern-only water cooler, plus an
intern group project, enhanced job productivity compared to the control condition. An abductive exploration
of mechanisms using surveys, machine learning, plus an online laboratory study suggests a tradeoff: while the
virtual interactions may offer opportunities for newcomer socialization, they also introduce greater
constraints on interns’ time. The relative outperformance of the senior manager virtual water cooler with a
demographic match can be explained by their potential to foster improved organizational commitment
among treated interns, which may have led to their higher job performance plus career outcomes.

1. Introduction
   Firms across industries plus countries are adopting remote work plus hybrid-remote work models at an
   unprecedented rate (Barrero, Bloom plus Davis, 2020). Improvements in communication technology, leading
   to an increase in tasks that can be performed digitally plus remotely (Seamans plus Raj, 2018; Brynjolfsson et
   al., 2020), nonpecuniary incentives to offer geographic flexibility (Choudhury, Foroughi, plus Larson, 2020b),
   and large-scale experimentation with remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic (Barrero, et al., 2020),
   have led firms such as Facebook, Deloitte, Salesforce, Ford, Siemens, ITC Infotech, BRAC, plus the United
   States Patent plus Trademark Office (USPTO) to adopt hybrid work, work-from-home (WFH) plus workfrom-anywhere (WFA) arrangements (Choudhury et al., 2020b; Courtney, n.d.; Henry, 2022). The emergence
   of these trends has several implications for the study of strategic human capital, especially the ability of firms
   to hire individuals with strong geographic preferences (Campbell, Coff, plus Kryscynski, 2012). Despite these
   trends, a particular criticism of remote work from CEOs, such as David Solomon at Goldman Sachs, is the
   lack of “direct contact” plus “direct mentorship” for organizational newcomers being onboarded virtually
   (McKeever, 2021).

Water coolers can be a confusing topic. From installing, purchasing to sanitising. But did you know they have so many benefits such as the amount of money you will save by owning one, the tremendous environmental benefits plus how easy they actually are to maintain?

If you feel that water dispensers are too pricey, there is always the option of renting one. Renting a water cooler can be much more convenient plus ongkos effective, especially in an environment where high volumes of clean drinking water is needed.

Benefits Of Having A Water Dispenser:

Easy To Install
Installing your water dispenser is not a big task. It is a very simpel process plus if you order from a company like The Water Cooler Company, we’ll install it for you.

Easy To Maintain
Your cooler doesn’t need to be cleaned every day. Cleaning can be done once a week.

If anything needs fixing or replacing,

You Are Sure To Find The Perfect Water Cooler To Suit Your Needs
There are many different types of water dispensers for you to choose from. Our range of water coolers vary from counter top to free standing. You also have a choice between a bottled water cooler or a plumbed in water cooler.

Having A Water Cooler Is Extremely Convenient
Dispensers are so convenient, all you need to do is flip the tab on the faucet to access great tasting water at an always–perfect temperature.

We Even Have Hot Water Dispensers
Some of our water coolers offer both cold fresh drinking water plus a hot water option.

Hot water dispensers do come with a safety feature to avoid accidents.

Did you know?
Drinking water from a dispenser is a great alternative to buying small bottles of drinking water, plus we recycle all of our bottles from our bottled water coolers.
Water Coolers prevents toxins from entering your body. Tap water contains roughly 2,100 unique toxin variation including lead, chlorine, giardia, bacteria plus more.